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I must say that the concept of euthanasia has existed for a very long time, but it was meant not what is meant now. It meant a painless death, as well as a noble and even, sometimes, martyr's one. All the most well-known religions have formulated their positions regarding euthanasia as ending the life of terminally ill people. I will reproduce the views of representatives of the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), as well as Buddhists.
Representatives of the Abrahamic religions agree that life is given to man by God and only God can take it away, only he decides when it will happen. A doctor who ends a patient's life by euthanasia, in their view, violates the divine commandment prohibiting murder. They believe that the patient who asks for euthanasia does so under the influence of depression and a mind clouded by suffering, that such a request should not be listened to. No one is given more suffering than they can bear to atone for their sins. They also often recall cases that are inexplicable from the point of view of medicine, miraculous healings. Euthanasia in this case should not be confused with the cessation of artificial life support.
Buddhists also have a negative attitude towards euthanasia. The current 14th Dalai Lama has stated that euthanasia in any form is unacceptable. Buddhists believe in causation in everything. Therefore, if a person is seriously and terminally ill, there are good reasons for this. Interrupting the patient's life worsens the doctor's karma. Death is important as a stage of rebirth, so if life is interrupted arbitrarily, the rebirth will be unfavorable. In Hinduism, this is interpreted in a similar way. For more information, I recommend reading this article: critical.ru
It is difficult to answer this question – different religions profess different values. In addition, only a small proportion of religions have any kind of centralized leadership that followers around the world would listen to, which gives individual clergy and theologians more freedom to discuss such topics. At the same time, they are guided not only by the specific dogmas of their faith, but also by the context in which the question arose in general, cultural attitudes and, of course, personal feelings, which further complicates the situation.
But if we try to generalize, then, in general, for most religions, the discussion about euthanasia is parallel to the discussion about suicide as such. Accordingly, in the Abrahamic religions (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism), the overwhelming majority of authorities view euthanasia negatively. The reasons for this are clear: life is considered a gift that a person receives from God, and, accordingly, is seen as something, firstly, sacred, and secondly, not fully belonging to the person himself. The ideal of these religions is to commit ourselves to God and believe that he will eventually lead the” story ” of each individual's life to some logical end. Suicide and euthanasia from this point of view look like a lack of trust. This, in turn, means that the person performing such a procedure turns out to be a murderer. Of course, some liberal-minded representatives of these religions, including clergy, may not share this opinion, but most still view euthanasia negatively.
Eastern religions, such as Buddhism or Sikhism, generally treat this topic a little differently. At first glance, for a Buddhist to ask for euthanasia is to submit to emotion and allow suffering, which is in any case an unchanging part of the world, to rule life. However, from the point of view of this religion, the problem of conducting such a procedure is much more acute – since the teachings of the Buddha often require their followers to literally and unconditionally renounce violence, taking another person's life, regardless of the circumstances, is seen as something bad. Jainism also sees this problem in a similar way. But in Japan, where Buddhism is very much intertwined with Shinto, the attitude towards euthanasia is somewhat different. For shinto, “naturalness” plays a big role, and extending the life of a person who should already be dead and actively wants it is rather something bad. Undoubtedly, a different attitude to suicide in this culture also plays an important role. Also, an alternative approach is presented in Hinduism – a number of representatives of this tradition believe that a person who saves another from suffering does a good deed, and, accordingly, does not condemn either the patient or the doctor. However, this view is far from universal, and many Hindus suggest that a doctor who performs such procedures may tarnish their own karma by over-interfering with the cycle of rebirth.
From a religious point of view, everything is correct, but in the Netherlands euthanasia is legalized. Surveys at the household level show that euthanasia is equally voted for. that Christians, that Muslims. There are gender differences, and women are more likely to vote for euthanasia.