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At the moment, science believes that the amount of long-term memory is large enough to say that in the scale of knowledge that a person can acquire during life, it is unlimited.�
Short-term memory is limited, which is a kind of clipboard that filters out some of the information before the information enters long-term memory. “The magic number is 7±2” and that's it. This is due to the phenomenon of retroactive interference (Hugo Munsterberg, 1889). It means that the more information you perceive in a short period of time, the smaller the proportion of this information that will be stored in long-term memory.
Adolf Jost described the so-called “Jost's Law ” – according to it, with the same number of repetitions of material, the one that was more distributed over time is better remembered. Roughly speaking, it is better to learn a verse separately in quatrains, repeating each one, say, 10 times, than to repeat the verse completely at once without interruptions at least 20 times. Hermann Ebbinghaus also did this, memorizing meaningless three-letter syllables in sequence, and then checking how well he remembered them. So in 1885, his “forgetting curve“appeared:
But since he was investigating “pure memory” and all syllables were meaningless, his curve did not take into account the effect of reminiscence (Philip Boswood Ballard, 1913). It consists in the fact that the memorized material is better reproduced if after the memorization session there was a long period of rest, for example, a day, and preferably only two or three. This is especially pronounced if, after memorizing, you immediately sleep for at least a cycle or two (it was opened later). But this only works if the material has a meaningful meaning for the subject. That is, not meaningless syllables, but a retelling, for example, of a literary work that is interesting to the student.�
In order for a text to make more sense to you (for example, if you are preparing for exams), you need to have a certain initial base in your head, with which you can link subsequent knowledge. Therefore, the first option works for long periods of time — the more you learn and know, the easier it is to remember the subsequent material. For short (a few minutes or hours of continuous memorization) – the second option, the efficiency of the brain will decrease due to the load.�
So do not learn everything on the last day, distribute the material evenly throughout the entire training period, starting with the basics and ending with the most difficult topics, arrange breaks for yourself and do not forget to sleep normally. The secret of success is banal and has been known for more than a century (yes, I didn't just insert dates), but for some reason, not everyone still understands it. Or they understand, but are too lazy to start teaching earlier than the night before the exam.
P.S. Sometimes there is confusion about Ballard, because everywhere (including in textbooks) he is listed as “P.”. Ballard”, because in English his name is written as “Philip”. It would be correct to write ” F. Ballard”, but everywhere ” p. Ballard”, so do not be alarmed if you Google on the topic.
The amount of memory in the brain is so large that it can't fit in the same mind)
For example, if you turn on the camera (everything is as it should be, both video and sound), then you can shoot for 300 years)
The brain is an “antenna”, there are no” cells ” of memory in it. The memorization process is affected by the overall fatigue of the body during the day, etc. The meaning of memorization is reduced to storing the necessary information” in the head ” laid out “on the shelves”. �The structure of the “shelves” �everyone has their own-people, events, impressions, feelings, stresses, etc. If you are an airplane designer and you like this business, so to speak �- a hobby, then you will not have to memorize all the formulas on aerodynamics…. if you have exams ahead and YOU NEED to pass them, accept that the information that you are “taught”, you need…. imagine yourself as a “specialist” in some subject from the exams and that's it….