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Interesting question…
In general, there can be three reasons. The destruction of a person's moral values under the influence of a difficult ordeal, which in itself called into question the validity of such feelings as sympathy, regret, etc.For example, a person has a child brutally killed by his own classmates. Unable to cope not only with the huge loss, but also to realize the whole fact of the inhumanity of such a murder (if there was a maniac killer – it would still somehow be possible to fit into consciousness, but children… how?) the human psyche completely “disables” all moral and moral qualifications. A person does not become a murderer himself, but other murders no longer affect him. It was as if all the pain receptors had suddenly stopped responding to pain. In psychology, this condition is called basic or existential trauma. In other words, a trauma that has destroyed a person's value structures.
The second reason is that a person has fallen under someone's influence. It can be personal or group, the main thing is that as a result of this influence, some values of a person are regularly and systematically questioned and replaced by others. In principle, any place or association that claims to have power over people and influence their minds does this in one way or another. The only difference is how strong / professional and for what purpose. Moreover, the more rudely they act, the more likely it is that a person will wake up, realize, and come to their senses. Well, if “gently and affectionately”, then you can imperceptibly change it very seriously for the person himself.
In psychology, there is even such a concept – loosening of beliefs. It is usually conducted at NLP trainings in order to show a person all the weakness or strength of his system of assessments of the surrounding reality and then, depending on the tasks of the training, do something about it.
But any person who has a specific benefit and a “key” to the person's consciousness can also act. Moreover, the” key ” in the overwhelming majority are banal weaknesses, playing on feelings. Boss to subordinate: “Don't you want more money? Well, let's frame them!” Mistress to a man: “Look at how she treats you, do you really owe her anything after that?” etc.
And, finally, the third reason is depression. I.e., a specific mental illness, as a result of which a person does not completely turn off all the “moral receptors”, how much he gets for all this becomes deeply “in no way”. I don't even care, but I don't care at all. Everything is consumed by apathy and indifference.
We can also say that with a very strong pathological fatigue, i.e., in fact, burnout, a person may become temporarily indifferent to everything. But this is already a defense mechanism of the psyche. He will rest, recover, and look at what he did differently.
In all other cases, of course, serious professional help is required. And I would like to ask those for whom this question is relevant: do not cut off your shoulder if it seems to you that your loved one has forgotten everything or “lost his conscience”. Things can be much more complicated than they seem at first glance. Therefore, look for a specialist!