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Is a brain transplant possible in principle?
— And it is already being produced — in the sense that small fragments of the brain have already been transplanted. They were implanted in people suffering from Parkinson's disease, after which they needed less medication, improved motor activity, and so on. But the problem, unfortunately, is that very few brain cells survive in such transplants. So this is still an experimental, rather than a routine method, confirmed by clinical trials.
– OK. But if you transplant a part of the donor's brain, then whose mind will the patient eventually have?
— One of the questions I ask in my book is: how many parts of the brain do you need to transplant so that you can add the name of the brain donor to your name? You're also transplanting a part of his character along with his brain, aren't you? This is not a problem when it comes to those microtransplants, as in the case of Parkinson's disease treatment, or biological clock transplantation. But if you transplant part of the neocortex, the new cerebral cortex, you're also transplanting part of the other person's character, aren't you? Yes, this is a problem.
This is impossible for one simple reason: the brain functions together with the spinal cord, nerve endings, etc.�
From a psychological point of view, this will be an incredible stress, which may not lead to the best consequences, as our brain grows and develops along with our body. Therefore, the personality can change simply under the influence of psychological shock.
The main task that needs to be solved first of all not just for the sake of brain transplantation, but for solving global issues in the field of medicine is to find a way to connect the nerve fibers of the transplanted brain with the patient's own spinal cord. This is very difficult to do, and that is why severe spinal cord injuries have very serious consequences and are usually incurable.
Can we live forever with such opportunities? No. The brain also ages like your body, so the question of immortality is still open.
In fact, we will get two funny corpses that have watched science fiction movies again. And the deadline for their friend, an imbicylic doctor, who agreed to perform such an operation;)
If we ignore all the problems of transplantation (the technique itself, rejection, let's say that all the nerves were stitched together and the patient can move, his humoral system, glands, and other homeostatic systems work), then the patient will receive a new body. There are, of course, hellish pains due to the fact that the brain may not find signals from points on the body to which it sends impulses and does not receive the expected response. We will get convulsions, since there will be no response, the brain will send signals of increased strength. We will get a panic (panic attack), in other words – the patient will lie down and just scream and twitch all the time from stress. Most likely, if they don't put him on sedatives. This is my modest forecast.