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the mechanisms of hallucinations and illusions are not similar to each other. therefore, it is not clear that people with schizophrenia can only see hallucinations and cannot see illusions
in the case of illusions, the perception of the world as a system of relations is violated. there are new intra-subject relationships, namely illusions. they always REPLACE some other object. in order for illusions to appear, both the objective conditions of their occurrence (the illumination of the room, the design of the object instead of which the person will see the illusion) and the subjective ones (the person's own preconfiguration to see the illusion, the emotional state) must be observed. pathological illusions can be seen by people without any disorders, it is enough only that both conditions for their occurrence are fulfilled. in addition, illusions can be easily dispelled by improving contact with the object.
while hallucinatory images do not replace anything, they arise not in place of, but AGAINST the BACKGROUND of REALITY and require a darkening of consciousness. hallucinations, in contrast to illusions, invade the object world itself, interact with real objects. they become on a par with other items. the behavior of a person in this case fully corresponds to what he perceives.
in schizophrenia, it is hallucinations, not illusions, that are often an integral part of the overall picture of the disease and correspond to the content of delusions. this is facilitated, in addition to the darkened consciousness, by organic diseases of the brain. verbal pseudo-hallucinations usually occur in patients who, for example, having committed a certain negative act, prove that they are not involved in it, that they were forced. thus, schizophrenics often hear voices that can intimidate them, threaten them, accuse them of something, insult them, swear obscenely, and so on.
sometimes patients with schizophrenia have illusions that are very difficult to distinguish from hallucinosis, but they are usually not accompanied by delusions, because there is no degree of confusion in which hallucinations occur.
Illusions can be seen by everyone, including healthy people. Healthy people can also sometimes see hallucinations. Schizophrenics do not necessarily experience hallucinations or even delusions, such as in simple schizophrenia. Not everything is so clear and obvious.