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A small clarification.�
In Islam, debts must be paid from the deceased's estate before the inheritance is divided.
Also, anyone can pay debts for the deceased and it is highly desirable to do this to the heirs, since the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) He said: “The soul of the believer will be bound up with his debt [burdened with it] until it is paid for him [i.e., the deceased].”
But there is no obligation to take on a debt from either relatives or heirs. And there is an obligation for the Islamic state (if such a state exists and a Muslim lives in it) to pay the debt for the deceased.
In civilized countries, such issues are regulated exclusively by the legislation of the country in which a person lives, regardless of religion. If your question has a tinge of “conscience”, then it is exclusively voluntary recognition of debts, depending on the decency of the person, no matter who he is, an atheist or a Christian.