3 Answers

  1. Please specify what you want to learn. If we start from the first part of the question, then you can take any textbook on the basics of philosophy, read it and, accordingly, delve into ontology, epistemology or axiology, in what you are interested in. But the second part of the question concerns the history of philosophy, not philosophy itself.�

    If we are talking about philosophy in general, then absolutely no matter when and how the concepts of Plato and Badiou were invented, for example, they may well be together in the act of your philosophizing. If we are talking about the history of philosophy, then this is a different matter and we are dealing with the genesis of thought.

    Don't read a two-or three – volume history of philosophy-it's a short synopsis that won't tell you anything. The Reale Altiseri are useless. Here is a competent and detailed selection on the history of philosophy:

    http://www.youtube.com/embed/fRLdM6dGhj4?wmode=opaque

  2. Here's my list)
    1. Plato. Apology of Socrates, Pratogoras, Gorgias, Meno, Cratylus.
    Feast, Phaedo, State, Phaedrus.
    Theaetetus, Parmenides, Sophist, Politician.
    Philebus, Timaeus, Critias, Laws.
    2. Aristotle. “On the soul”, “Metaphysics”, “Physics”, “Categories”, “Analysts”, “Nicomachean ethics”.
    3. Marcus Aurelius. “On my own.”
    4. Descartes. “Rules for guiding the mind”, “Reasoning on method”, “Metaphysical reflections”.
    5. Spinoza. “Ethics”, “A treatise on the improvement of intelligence”.
    6. Locke. “The Experience of Human Understanding.”
    7. Leibniz. “New experiments on human understanding”, “Monadology”.
    8. Diderot. “A letter from the blind intended for the sighted”, “The Paradox of the actor”.
    9. Helvetii. “About the mind”.
    10. Edging. “Critique of pure reason”, “Critique of practical Reason”, “Critique of ability and judgment”. (It is better to study all the works of Kant).
    11. Fichte. “Science teaching”. (It is better to study all the works).
    12. Schelling “Philosophical letters on dogmatism and criticism”, “The System of transcendental Idealism”.
    13. Hegel. “Aesthetics”, “Small logic”, “History of Philosophy”, “Science of Logic”.
    14. Feuerbach. “The main provisions of the philosophy of the future”.
    15. K. Marx. “Economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844”, “Economic manuscripts of 1857-58” (Grundrisse), “Capital”.
    16. V. I. Lenin. “Philosophical notebooks”, “Materialism and empirio-criticism”.
    17. I. A. Ilyin. “Hegel's Philosophy as the doctrine of the concreteness of God and Man.”

  3. I recommend very fascinating lectures by Konstantin Anatolyevich Skvorchevsky (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy at MIPT). Vkontakte posted very interesting materials.

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