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It all starts with an empirical experience – then there is an attempt to structure this experience, those to form a hypothesis, the hypothesis is the first step to practical development, which is confirmed in practice, those impressions give rise to the desire to theorize on the topic of appearance, and the theory is born by practical actions that confirm the theory.
From the point of view of methodology, Leonardo da Vinci anticipated Galileo Galilei in presenting science as a deductive process in which general propositions are confirmed by experience. The artist and inventor wrote that cognition begins with sensations. It is empiricism that becomes for him the starting point of scientific activity. He was the first to call for breaking with the scholastic scientific tradition by coming into direct contact with the world.