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In general, monographs are written on this topic. If we answer briefly, then first of all we should answer why science and philosophy in Greece originated in the archaic era, and not earlier. For the Greeks, for example, have not changed ethnically since Mycenaean times, but they did not represent anything culturally before. It's all about social shifts that occurred as a transition to the archaic period. Life in the polis then changed a lot, the middle class appeared, which together with the aristocracy took over a bunch of slaves, which allowed them not to work, but to focus on leisure. The Greeks believed that only by reflection can one comprehend reality, and not by observation, and a vivid example of their correctness is the movement of the Sun in the sky, because it seems that it is moving, but in reality it is the opposite. Therefore, the Greeks began to spend a lot of time on reasoning, which was accompanied by deep proofs. Finally, fame was highly valued among the Greeks, and at that time it was possible to become famous not only for athletics, which was experiencing a slight decline, but also for scientific research. There were also other factors involved. As I said, there's more than one hundred pages of conversation.
Influence of Brahmin philosophy (India). Not the only one, but the most fundamental reason. Some say that science and art developed thanks to the slave-owning system, when the creative person was free from worries about daily bread. But this is a story from the Soviet history programs, which was completely subordinated to the Marxist-Leninist ideology. The presence of free time does not cultivate consciousness and does not produce philosophical insights. Determination in the extraction of knowledge and creative work does not depend on the degree of employment of food, as long as it is not an occupation, but a state of mind.
So, the knowledge came from the East.
Example:
Pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century B.C. (570 B.C.), received his astronomical and astrological education (including knowledge of the Zodiac), his system of discipleship and religious brotherhood, for which he translated the terms esoteric and exoteric from Sanskrit into Greek, and even his knowledge of the heliocentric system from the initiated Brahmins. His prohibition of eating animal food and certain vegetables and his doctrine of the transmigration of souls came from India, just as from the sruti he took his system of instilling unlimited reverence in some students for their teacher or guru, and, in fact, even his doctrine of numbers associated with the musical scale and of the universe as a harmonically arranged whole.
Good time of day. Imagine this picture: the country in which you live is located on the shore of a very warm non-freezing sea. There is no winter in the country at all, you do not need to think about how to feed and feed your family, because all the necessary fruits grow on the trees all year round, the land itself, you can say the SOIL, is VERY fertile, and all year round. That is, everything you need for a calm, measured life. It was in such a country that philosophy was born. People had a time and place to sit and think, as well as speculate, discuss, and discuss eternal topics: life, death, … etc. and so on.