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There is no single scientific concept of temperament, but there is a good theory of I. P. Pavlov about the types of nervous system common to humans and higher mammals.�
Pavlov's version relies on four measurable properties of the nervous system: strength, balance, and mobility of the excitation and inhibition processes occurring in the nervous system. According to Pavlov, there are four types of individuals (corresponding to the original idea of Hippocrates): weak (both excitatory and inhibitory processes are weak), strong unbalanced (strong excitation and weak inhibition), strong balanced mobile type (both processes are normal) and strong balanced with inert nervous processes (both processes are weakened). Usually, an individual is not a carrier of a pure type, but has signs of two or three types, depending on the situation.
However, neuroscientists for the most part do not use “temperament” for observations when studying a person.
Temperaments allow us to systematize the features of the nervous system and thus describe the type of its work. As a rule, there are no pure temperaments, one or another type of temperament prevails in a person. But this is an absolute phenomenon, like the type of cable for transmitting signals – the type of nervous system explains the speed of signal transmission, the activity and number of neurotransmitters, etc.