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Critical thinking is the ability to think actively, consistently, comprehensively, independently and make decisions based on your own considerations. Thinking is a process, that is, a series of actions in our head, brain.
What are these actions?
Observation, comparison, search for connections, highlight the main thing, build a sequence, form conclusions. And this is an incomplete list… They are very natural, so it often seems that everyone can do everything, just like running. We all know how to run, but not everyone knows how to run in a way that is useful and does not harm themselves. Just as not everyone knows how to compare, for example, so that there is a benefit, and not a disappointment, that someone has something and I don't.
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So critical thinking is the ability to perform these mental actions efficiently and make judgments based on them.
Critical thinking is the process of finding the truth. It is science that is built on the search for truth, and the tool is a person's critical thinking. Methods of searching for truth are: observation, measurement, experiment, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, modeling, analogy, logic, etc.
If in simple language, then please.
I'll come up to you and tell you that the sky is blue.
Instead of believing me, you'll look out the window first.
And so in fact-in everything. you do not take any words on faith, but only if there is evidence of these very words, or you look for them yourself.
Previously, in Russia, this was called ” sober mind “or” sanity”, i.e. the ability to make the right decisions and make the right assumptions based on logical thinking and accumulated experience within a given culture. The term also focuses on the ability of the human mind to resist prejudice, delusions, and hoaxes. However, recently we have been trying to replace it with the concept of “critical thinking”. And this is alarming.
Its wording is almost the same – a system of judgments that is used to analyze things and events with the formulation of sound conclusions and allows you to make reasonable assessments, interpretations, and apply the results obtained to situations and problems. But the devil is always in the details. In the first case, we are talking about “the right decision and assumption”, in the second-about “reasonable conclusions and estimates”. In the first case, the word “correct” refers us to social values; in the second, the word “reasonable” refers us to some basic set of knowledge and a method of inference. As you can see, the difference is fundamental.
Critical thinking focuses on independence and self-reliance in drawing conclusions. If in the era of religion we were told “what to think”, now – “how to think”. That is, the layer of basic knowledge was covered with a method. People believe that they think freely. But this is an illusion. They freely and perhaps creatively present in various variations only what is embedded in them in the form of basic knowledge. In particular, these are the positive knowledge invested in us through general and especially higher education. Simply put, a materialistic picture of the world. And all would be fine (there are different pictures), but the very statement of the principle of criticality makes this picture of the world a dogma, because it certainly requires in its conclusions full compliance with it (the very thing that stands for the word “justified”). Grounded, i.e. based on the foundation, on basic knowledge and a basic picture of the world. In this simple way, under the slogan of free thinking, a frank dogma is introduced to us.
But that's not all. There are a lot of questions about “critical thinking” here on Yandex Q, but even more answers, most of which boil down to the fact that “critical thinking” is an important element of education, education and self-development, necessary in many areas of life. What does this mean? Yes, about the fact that” critical thinking ” is in trend today. That is, some of the most zombified are just the same concerned with critical thinking. They run around like mad with their freedom and critical thinking that they don't even notice how they are being used as cannon fodder for political purposes. Yes, they think critically and question everything that does not correspond to their basic ideas. But these basic ideas were not formed by them, there is not a single one of their own thoughts, they were given them through the higher education system and the Internet. One gets the impression that if the parents of young people during the school period (there is no need to talk about school now) did not lay at least some spiritual core, then in higher education institutions their souls are crippled by this very critical thinking, after which they are only able to criticize everything around them. They are in favor of freedom from authority, but they immediately rely on authority in their justifications, and harshly criticize any dissent. Critical thinking is a tool. He is good at science, because science has basically moved away from values and works with a “soulless” nature. But in life, this tool reduces everything human and social to basic provisions, i.e. to matter and to the only value – the quality of life and pleasure. Critical thinking is a devaluation tool. It disfigures and mutilates fragile souls. It should not be given to people without a core in the soul. But it is imposed on us specifically to deprive us of the ability to think and turn us into a “zombie” who believes that now he is a free thinker.
I am not against either materialism or higher education. I am against zombification through critical thinking. This is a double-edged tool that can only be used by a spiritually mature person.
All the definitions I've found boil down to the fact that critical thinking is correct thinking. Which allows, for example, to draw correct conclusions. I didn't find anything that goes beyond the correctness criterion. In other words, critical thinking is basically the same thing as thinking)
Everything is very simple, critical thinking is like a filter for water (information), but the filter is not simple, and the water is not clean it is in the sand in the mud, etc., you put filters (questions) like “Descartes Square”,
Water flows and there is a filter(or several).
If quite simply and briefly, and without quoting any of the great ones, but purely in their own words, then something like this: critical thinking is when in the process of thinking, the process itself and its results are controlled by you, and not by your brain and not by the products of its activity. �
But the greatest mistake is to try to simplify the words about IT without having it. Because if you believe that you have IT, you lose the chance to master IT. Sorry for the low-grade near-philosophical humor, but critical thinking does not exist in statics, it is a purely dynamic process, its existence must be confirmed every second of your thinking, otherwise it does not make any sense.�
I will say more, this is not explained in words, especially in simple ones. Those. you can explain it of course, both simple and complex, but you can understand and understand it only without words, but by performing specific exercises, for a long time, systematically, constantly. Exercises on self-control of your thinking and the degree of its criticality, on maintaining the self-standing of your consciousness. I will explain in as simple words as possible. Humanity has studied THIS many times and for a long time and for a long time. As a result: in pedagogy, CM is one thing, in criminology-a little different, in psychology-slightly third, in forensic psychiatry-fourth, in quantum mechanics-thirty-fourth, in philosophy -…mathematics does not know such numbers yet(sorry for the humor). By the way, mathematics has its own opinions on this subject, but let's not talk about sad things. The experience of ancient Raja Yogis is significant. The most famous of them, Maha Rishi Patanjali, many thousands of years ago, wrote down a brief summary of the knowledge on this topic, which before him was transmitted from one person to another exclusively by various means of communication, but not in writing. Everyone knows his phrase that yoga (read-critical thinking) is the retention of the matter of thought from being exposed in images. This was recorded several thousand years ago. Since then, many people have tried to keep it simpler and shorter. Even more “smart guys” tried to say and write longer and more sophisticated words. Your humble servant is no exception. But very few people succeeded. Because theoretically, one thing, but in practice, no one wants to train their “organ”, as bequeathed by the great ancestors, because they do not know how or are simply lazy. Therefore, I will write in very simple words: train, gentlemen-comrades, train and train again, and you will be happy. Because in fact, KM is the result of proper training of your thinking apparatus. All the best.
It's not really that easy to explain. Of course, the concept implies a critical approach to information, but a person cannot doubt in any situation. Although I myself believe that I have a critical mindset, I have made mistakes enough times and changed my opinion to the opposite. And this is its peculiarity. We are often sure of things we don't really know. Knowledge and personal experience are the fuel for any critical assessment, they help you understand that something is wrong in someone's words. Therefore, there is no global critical thinking, but a critical approach to certain information that interests you, based on your knowledge and desire to find the truth.