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Raskolnikov's crime had philosophical origins, namely, the division of people into “trembling creatures” and “having the right”, the hero allowed the possibility of one death for the sake of a thousand saved lives, a thousand good deeds. And Raskolnikov's theory is the main reason for the crime.
In addition, the murder also has social origins: the poverty and hopelessness of Rodion's situation, the desire to help his mother and sister finish their education, compassion for human grief, and the desire to help all those who are humiliated and offended.
The hero also wanted to test himself, he hoped that he was an exceptional and extraordinary person.
Dostoevsky wrote about the novel: “God's truth, the earthly law takes its toll…The law of truth and human nature have taken their toll, killed beliefs.” The writer showed the inconsistency of Raskolnikov's theory: it failed. Why not? It was contrary to moral principles, Raskolnikov had no right to take away such a valuable thing as human life. And violation of the laws of morality implies punishment.