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Emotional intelligence is the ability of a person to recognize, analyze other people's emotions, and manage them to solve any problems. The term is recent, has existed since the 90s, and before that, the concept of “emotional intelligence” was perceived as an oxymoron for obvious reasons. It was introduced by Saloway and Mayer, but it has received very different interpretations in scientific usage. Why? First of all, because there is not yet an exact and specific list of emotions. The most adequate one is developed by R.Plutchik(in my subjective opinion); it is in contrast to predecessors did not tie its classification to clearly-established amount of emotion (for example, as the first to attend to this problem – Ekman), and introduced the so-called wheel, where there are several emotional spaces; they intersect and give rise to new emotions (e.g., face, surprise and fear turns into fear)
I return to the title definition. Salaway and Mayer perceived emotional intelligence as a division of social intelligence, which helps to understand people and manage them ( here is the article itself: unh.edu)
They are undoubtedly the pioneers of the concept, but only their follower, Goleman, was able to attract a wide audience with this concept. But not only did he popularize emotional intelligence, but he also developed and adjusted the concept, adding new aspects (in addition to self-awareness, self-control, motivation, social skills and empathy are now present)
Why do we need emotional intelligence? The concept itself arose as a reaction to the fact that the traditional test for determining the level of intelligence is not always able to predict the future of a person, his potential, career prospects. This was explained by the fact that a person is fully successful, is able first of all to interact effectively with other people, intuitively grasp the sensory aspect, and use it for their own purposes. So the concept was born.
What should I read ? In my humble opinion, it is useful to look up Salaway and Mayer to get an academic perspective on the question. For more practical information, see Goleman's works; they will even tell you why it is so useful to keep a diary of internal states. It would also be nice to look at the “Questions of Psychology” and see the article by I. N. Andreeva ” emotional intelligence:research of the phenomenon”