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I will probably say a paradoxical thing: in fact, we could not help practically anything.
Let's think about it this way: very conditionally, all our knowledge can be divided into two large blocks, namely, on the one hand, humanities and social sciences, and on the other – technical sciences and natural sciences.
Let's start with technical inventions. We could use our knowledge of medicine, for example, to manage certain diseases and increase life expectancy. But in the conditions of a traditional society with its high birth rate, modern medicine will play a bad service, because it will lead to overpopulation, hunger, lack of water. We could have provided modern weapons to protect ourselves from predators, for example, but with the warlike culture of primitive tribes, these weapons would probably soon be used for tribal wars, which would only become more bloody (and, most likely, in the end, the “virtues” themselves would be killed with these very weapons).
You could certainly try something safer, like trying to explain about the Earth's rotation around the Sun. But even here, you would most likely have failed. To understand such complex concepts as the rotation of the Earth around the Sun or the spherical shape of the Earth (which completely contradicts our everyday experience), you need to have an understanding of the priority of rational proof over ordinary sensory experience – an idea popularized by ancient philosophers like Parmenides. Without the soil prepared by ancient philosophy, the development and assimilation of such ideas would have been impossible, and philosophy, in turn, would hardly have appeared without a specific political structure, characteristic, in particular, of Ancient Greece and incomprehensible to man of the Stone Age.
Then, perhaps, we will use humanitarian knowledge? Can we explain about women's emancipation, democracy, and other useful things? You can try it, but practice shows that it will not lead to anything good. Most likely, people of the Stone Age simply do not understand such things, and at best they will call you a fool. This is because our social ideas are the fruit of many millennia of evolution, both in the history of thought and in the development of society itself. In particular, various forms of social organization are directly related to the economic structure, which, in turn, is related to the production opportunities that are determined by technological development.
But prematurely introducing technological ideas in a Stone Age society is useless and even harmful, as was shown above. Thus, artificial intervention is unlikely to accelerate the development of Stone Age society. Humanity develops as it develops, not by chance, and each new stage on this path is based on the foundation that was laid in previous epochs.
I disagree with most of the above points of view. In fact, a person has made 7-8 great discoveries, the rest is just a small thing. For thousands of years, people have been accumulating life experience in order, for example, to invent the wheel. If you show the functionality of the wheel to people who lived long before its invention, then the development of the view will be very accelerated. And won't they understand? What if we go ahead and try to explain the basics of electricity to them? You can also tell people how to prepare medicines from the plants around them in the most effective way in their conditions, and how to deal with the main diseases. Also, as an option, to inspire them with some public ideas, which, of course, is more difficult, but, I think, it is quite in our power. Not the emancipation of women, but something simple that over the years will become one of the basic ideas of culture. For example, that you do not need to pray to thunder, and there is nothing supernatural behind this phenomenon.
If we are talking about the Stone Age, then hygiene, medicine, onions, wheels, cattle breeding, plant breeding, animal traps, the simplest hearth (stove) with a pipe, cooking.
Today, any schoolchild knows many times more than a person with a habitat range of 10 km, this should be used.
I think an engineer would be very useful. But if we talk about me, I can teach:
1) Martial arts(taekwondo, wrestling, boxing and kickboxing.
2) Medicine. Well, I don't know much about it, I'm very bad at medicine.
3) Technology (bow, metal (it will be difficult to find, so a magnet would be very useful), lever, crossbow, gunpowder, wheel, building materials, etc.)
4)Animal domestication and cattle breeding.
5) Rules and laws.
I will make a reservation right away that the question can break up into two “What can I personally do” and ” What can modern people do in general?”
There are generally two major blocks here:
Medicine. I don't know much about it, of course, but as far as I know, back in the nineteenth century, midwives didn't wash their hands before giving birth, which often led to the so – called “puerperal fever”-the death of the mother (after childbirth) due to an infection. Thus, even our everyday knowledge would significantly improve the situation in the tribe in terms of, if you can call it that, “health care”.
Bring the Neolithic revolution closer – that is, train ancient people in animal husbandry/crop production. Which, in particular, will solve the problem of overpopulation, which is feared by dear Stanislav Panin from the comment above. Well, here again, the question is in the wording: if we are talking about me personally, then I do not really know how to tame, because I am a hereditary citizen. Crop production requires, again, seeds of cultivated plants. However, if we are talking about modern people in general, then yes, I think you can find specialists in this field.
And minor, relative to the first two, changes:
Language. Any modern language is clearly richer than the primitive one.
Creating a system of law – something that will come in handy when the transition from a rising to a producing economy begins to cause social stratification of society.
It is not clear why no one wrote about the obvious things like the wheel, lever, clay firing, plow. You can remember a lot of things that could be useful in everyday life.
In addition to the above: a smart person of the XXI century needs to think carefully about the strategy of behavior so that he is not swatted in the first minutes of communication)
The first commentator was right – nothing. The question is formulated incorrectly. What kind of person would get caught? A military man could train those people in marching step or hand-to-hand combat. But any average hunter from the tribe would shoot better than this military man. An agronomist would be able to tell you about the three fields, but how would he operate in the tropics or in conditions of a climatic minimum (by the way, without modern fertilizers and pesticides)? And just a dude shifting papers in the “office” or a salesman? the one that can't even be cooked without a slow cooker. What could he tell the ancient society? About the Internet that has video clips for any answer?). A modern villager would still be able to do something (if of course they understood it, since even the language that was 500 years ago is very unusual and not similar to us), but it would be extremely difficult for them to do something without using modern technologies. What's the use of talking about nuclear-powered icebreakers if you can't even build a sloop yourself? And most importantly, our contemporaries would have infected everyone with a bunch of diseases to which we have developed immunity for many generations, and for which the society would not have been ready at all. So everything would have ended very badly anyway).
A strange and even naive question. Where do you think the fire, the wheel, the bow, agriculture, cattle breeding, and so on came from? Today's people will not think of this (can you make a fire without matches?), it is clear that the people of the future brought it with them.
There was such a depressing fantasy story. A person from the present, like even a doctor, falls into the Stone Age. He is immediately banished from the tribe and lives alone in a cave. He eats something, applies knowledge, but the Stone Age people continue to look at him with dislike and distrust. And now one of them has a tooth that gets sick and inflamed, our hero decides to help and knocks out this inflamed tooth with improvised means, after which the tribe goes wild, attacks the hero and knocks out his teeth in revenge too:) �
This is something close to reality.
First, by implementing simple technical things, such as wheels, plows, and other technical rudiments, you need to achieve maximum authority within your tribe – the post of a shaman or something like that. Then you can start improving the tools of labor and hunting. This will also provide protection from the evil” enemy ” tribes – we will be able to defend ourselves. After that, it will be necessary to introduce a minimal judicial system so that our fellow tribesmen do not kill each other (and at the same time they do not want to overthrow us with a stone on the head). Then you can continue to improve the life of the tribe, gradually introducing more advanced technologies. Of course, the first step will be to master crop production – to plant edible wild plants such as cereals. It will be possible to organize a mill for them and create bread. In general, monitoring hunger is the most difficult thing, because under improved conditions, breeding in the tribe will accelerate, and one hunt will not be enough for food (in case of hunger, we will be killed). In addition, it is worth thinking about medicine – if we are bitten by some carnivorous beaver, we will die due to banal unsanitary conditions. But minimal medicine will reduce the mortality rate of their fellow tribesmen, they will become even more, and the problem of hunger will again begin to loom on the horizon. Plus any risks of sudden crop failure or pest infestations on the created fields – in this case, we will also be killed. In general, you will not be able to help much, because after the first steps that significantly improve life, all other actions will go to fight hunger among an ever-expanding tribe.
If we consider the option of returning to the past, then it is better not to touch anything at all, since changes in the past will affect our present with you. Therefore, changes can be positive: progress, humanity of the population, and so on. Or it can have a negative impact on the contrary, from the disappearance of us and our families, up to the disappearance of entire species, cities, and even civilizations. And if we consider the option with the appearance or discovery of a new species, which is at a stage of development similar to our Stone Age, then we can help in the development of starting from simple tools, ending with more complex ones. The main thing is to clearly explain that we are not Gods, so as not to create confusion in the minds of this species.
Do I need to help? If this had happened, you and I would definitely not be here. It would have been a completely different civilization. Rather, it would be necessary to somehow explain to those people what intertribal conflicts lead to. They will escalate into bloody wars in the future. Would there be a chance for humanity to avoid military aggression altogether?