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In ancient times, people were much more aware of the limitations of their own cognitive abilities. And for this reason, to deny the existence of a Deity only on the grounds that personal experience does not always confirm Its existence – no one dared, they did not have the audacity and pride to do this. In addition, philosophers who have studied mathematics have come up with things that are not at all obvious, but are also true. And to do this, they had to do things that were completely unthinkable.
For example, passing through infinity allows us to prove that the sum of all negative integer powers of two is(1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 …) equal to two! Or for example, in order to get the real roots of equations of the third degree-you have to go through imaginary numbers! And all these exorbitant, seemingly useless high matters that have no connection with the real world, like infinity and imaginary numbers-are very, very useful in solving applied problems in the real world! How and why can the virtual world have such an impact and benefit in relation to the real world? Isn't this an example of the real impact of the world of ideas, that is, the spiritual world, on our world, on the material world?
All this wealth of situations where it is impossible to solve a problem without going beyond some kind of framework – makes mathematicians believe in God. The most religious scientists are mathematicians.
Previously, people were quite calm about the idea of going out of bounds. But now, people want to be in this world like in some kind of cage. Atheists are shouting with all their might: you can't get out of the cage of the material world! You must sit in this cage, and do not even try to look beyond it! You should be limited to this framework, so that your thoughts are easier to understand, so that you can be more easily controlled!
Previously, people were free. And nothing forbade them to look further than what is literally in front of their noses. This freedom to try to look outside the box is what makes people religious. Even ufologists, and they are trying to look beyond. And atheists… Well, what else can I say? They have closed the windows of their dugout, sit in the dark, and shout: THERE is NO LIGHT!
This is far from the case.
Aristotle has an interesting way: when he has a natural explanation of a particular phenomenon (even if it is not correct from the modern point of view), then he talks about it in this way. And if there is no such explanation, then ” everything is in the power of God or gods.” That is, in fact, any “divine” in Aristotle is synonymous with ignorance.
Epicurus did not directly deny the gods. But he pointed out that by virtue of his definition – absolute perfection – such a being is engaged in only one thing in our world: he looks in the mirror and says how beautiful and perfect he is… and the gods don't care about people or the world itself.
Marcus Aurelius, the philosopher emperor, believed that there is no god or gods in the world, but there is a universal intelligent field that affects the universe. When a person is born, a piece of this mind is transmitted as the soul of a person. A person can live his life in different ways: if most people strive to live virtuously and intelligently, then their souls return to the world mind after death, which becomes better, and therefore the world becomes better. And, on the contrary: the more people live a life of evil and vice, then their souls lower the world Mind, and therefore the world is filled with disasters: earthquakes, floods, famine and pestilence…
Socrates believed in the gods, as he directly admits at the trial. But according to the philosopher, all his fault lies in the fact that he only asked questions about the person himself… And this fellow citizens of the philosopher considered “godlessness”. Knowledge and Faith thus become incompatible. Socrates was executed.
The first atheist can be considered the Greek philosopher Anaximander, who in his cosmogony of the world took the gods beyond the framework of Nature, which exists and develops independently, that is, without the Olympian gods.
A few centuries later, in the first century BC, the same thing was stated by the Roman Lucretius Carr in the poem “On the Nature of Things”.
Modern atheism, therefore, has very ancient roots, but still began to take shape only around the XVII-XIX centuries, but this is a completely different topic.
There are two very controversial points in your question at once, which you pass off as a statement.
What makes you think that didn't occur to people? For example, there are no gods in Buddhism. And this religion is already 2.5 thousand years old and it has 500 million followers.
What makes you think there is no God? For example, from the point of view of Christianity, It is fundamentally unknowable, so its existence cannot be detected.
Four thousand years ago, the Harper's Song was recorded, is that old enough? Further, religious scholars have found dozens of religions where there are no gods, or similar entities in power, that is, the development of culture does not always lead to the emergence of the idea of god or gods
For this to occur to you, you must first have a complete idea of what you are going to judge. In ancient times, people were still developing the concept of God as truly existing – and at the same time postulating what exists and declaring it non-existent is somehow too much 🙂
I think it was because people understood their vulnerability better. Modern people against the background of technological progress subjectively imagined themselves as the masters of life, although by and large-as they were vulnerable, they remained.
In other words, the illusion is not God; the illusion is man's self-sufficiency. In ancient times, there were fewer such illusions, but now people are literally infected with them.
I believe that this is due to the fact that people of antiquity trusted logic more and their empirical experience, and the experience of their contemporaries, as well as pseudoscientific theories that could justify their personal wishes.
There were, of course, such thoughts. Most often, people believe in something that can be felt with their hands, or is amazing, without obvious manifestations. For example, a fire caused by a lightning strike can be mistaken for the anger of a powerful being. And, for some reason, they say: “Killed by thunder”. Apparently, they heard the voice of the deity in the thunderclaps, and they were afraid. These were obvious manifestations that struck the imagination. But they also believed in the entities described in fairy tales and legends, which, if not confirmed, still amazed the imagination. Although, how many people have seen the magic carpet, the invisibility hat, and so on. Even until now, no one will say for sure whether the sword was a kladenets, and what it is. It seems that there was a sword – there were high-quality swords in general – but we don't know what kind of kladenets. We assume that this is some kind of magic sword with great power.
But how can we believe in something that is not felt, that does not give a certain experience in our life? Would we believe someone who says they have full plate armor from the 16th century at home? Maybe so, maybe not. We can neither prove nor refute what we have no proof for. But after thinking about it, we can decide: “Why would he lie to us? Most likely, it is. ” – and we will believe it (or we will not believe it anyway). He shows me a picture of the same suit of armor. Will we believe him? Maybe-yes, and maybe-no. We don't know if he has this armor in his apartment, or someone else, or in the museum. He shows a picture of himself in this armor. Will we believe him? Maybe-yes, and maybe-no. We don't know if this is exactly his armor, or if it's a copy, fake, or even photoshopped. But if we go to his house, see for ourselves, touch, or even put on armor – will we believe it? Maybe we'll believe it, or maybe we'll doubt it-maybe the armor isn't his at all, or it's a bad copy.
What if he says he has full steel plate armor from, say, the 8th or 9th century? Will we believe it? Someone will believe, and someone, knowing that at that time there were no such lats, will they believe? There was chain mail, at best, a set of armor, and a full steel plate armor was not found. Such armor did not appear before the 15th century. Even in the 14th century, plate-ringed armor prevailed, as far as I know.
Suppose someone says that he was abducted by aliens, flew on a plate, and even shows a bunch of drawings made from memory-will everyone believe it? But, as it turns out, they also believe in this.
Because ancient people were much smarter than modern people, and they understood that:
1) matter cannot be the root cause
2) the organized form of matter cannot be eternal.
And if so, then there must be a root cause that is not material. This root cause was called God.
Why it didn't come when it came . The Bible describes this in David 1: 2. and 9: 10 “The fool said in his heart,' There is no God.'”
“In his arrogance the wicked despises the Lord: 'He will not seek'; in all his thoughts: 'There is no God!'!”
Yes, and therefore it did not occur that there were many phenomena of nature that were incomprehensible to savages. These natural phenomena were explained by the deeds of the gods: yarilo, brownie, kikimora, water, goblin… Philosopher and magician-healer, At the end of the 6th century, created a commune of Essenes and taught to worship nature: wind, sun, water. He considered man to be the highest phenomenon of nature. The Essenes called him Master…
Well, there were no atheists in ancient times. Always have been! It was just very dangerous, and they preferred not to write about it in official sources. But sometimes it leaked out. For example, the trial of Socrates for denying the gods. Or one famous psalm, “The madman said in his heart,' There is no God ' (Ps. 13: 2),” implies that there were such people.
Both in ancient times and now, many people believe that a person can know nature by the power of reason, and since the appearance of God is unknowable by definition, it is easier to declare its absence (atheism). But it is impossible to prove the absence or presence of the UNKNOWABLE. Many scientists who profess to be atheists have ended up admitting the existence of some unknown force that is not available (yet ? ) to the mind.
Some openly called this power. Others are shy-Art. Hawking, A. Einstein and others. But almost everyone recognizes the existence of a”mind limit.”
Well, it is necessary to somehow explain what is happening around. There was no science at that time, and the most plausible “explanation” seemed to be “someone very powerful wanted it that way.” Yes, in ancient times, even now, many people explain everything by saying that”it is profitable for someone”. And it doesn't matter if it's reptilians, the state Department or God.